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MySQL / MariaDB

Translations​

This tutorial is also available in the following languages:

Video tutorial​

demo_dbaas

You can activate the subtitles in English or French to get more details on this demo.

Installation​

  1. In the the ansible environment file (env/{ instance_hash }.yml), it's highly recommand to allow connection to the port 3306 only from the hosts or networks which need to connect to the db:
firewall_allow:
  - port: 22
  - port: 80
  - port: 443
  - port: 3306
    ip: {put your ip or range here}
  1. Connect with ssh, then secure your database:
sudo mysql_secure_installation
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
  1. Then create a database and a user that will be able to connect to this database from the outside:
sudo su -
mysql -uroot -p # use the password you just set
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'your_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE your_db;
MariaDB [(none)]> use your_db;
MariaDB [your_db]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON your_db TO 'your_user'@'%';
MariaDB [your_db]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON your_db.* TO 'your_user'@'%';
MariaDB [your_db]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  1. Then you'll finally be able to connect with your new user outside:
mysql -h {your_instance_hash}.mariadb.comwork.(cloud|dev|info) -u your_user -p your_db

Then you can try some SQL commands:

mysql> CREATE TABLE my_table (id INTEGER);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

Troubleshootings​

Too many connections​

This errors indicates that there is too many opened connection to the MySQL/MariaDB server.

In order to get the number of opened connections, connect with ssh on the instance and run the following command:

netstat -tanpu |grep -i mysql|wc -l
101

We often have to investigate the code of the applications that are using the MySQL/MariaDB cluster to check:

  • If they are using a pool of persistent connections in order to avoid opening too much new connections without closing it
  • If some query are taking too much time and blocking the existing connections

Example for PHP PDO: https://www.php.net/manual/fr/pdo.connections.php

<?php
$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', $user, $pass, array(
    PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true
));
?>